I was trying to set up a suitable notion of Laplacian matrix for Tutte embeddings of graphs.
Suppose, as usual, we have a graph with $V$ vertices, with $n_v$ being the degree of vertex $v$.
Then, the condition is that each vertex be the average of its neighbors. So, each vertex contributes three
conditions, i.e., three rows to the constraint matrix. Thus, we end up with a matrix whose number of columns is
$3V$, three for each vertex, and likewise for the number of rows. The three rows of our Laplacian contributed by a
vertex without positional constraint look as follows:
$$
L = \left (
\begin{matrix}
\cdots\\
\cdots\\
-1 & 0 & 0 & \cdots & n_v & 0 & 0 & \cdots & -1 & 0 & 0 & \cdots\\
0 & -1 & 0 & \cdots & 0 & n_v & 0 & \cdots & 0 & -1 & 0 & \cdots\\
0 & 0 & -1 & \cdots & 0 & 0 & n_v & \cdots & 0 & 0 & 1 & \cdots\\
\cdots \\
\cdots \\
\end{matrix}
\right )
$$
In each row, the sum is zero because the $-1$'s add up to $-n_v$. Thus, we are dealing with a singly-stochastic
matrix.
However, we need to take care of vertices whose positions are fixed. Such a vertice's three-row block of $L$ looks
as follows instead:
$$
L = \left (
\begin{matrix}
\cdots\\
\cdots\\
0 & 0 & 0 & \cdots & 1 & 0 & 0 & \cdots\\
0 & 0 & 0 & \cdots & 0 & 1 & 0 & \cdots\\
0 & 0 & 0 & \cdots & 0 & 0 & 1 & \cdots\\
\cdots \\
\cdots \\
\end{matrix}
\right)
$$
and the corresponding three entries of the right-hand side $a$ contain the three fixed coordinates, making the
linear system
$$
Lx = a
$$
inhomogeneous.